Shades of Grey

Shades of Grey: The Road to High Saffron is a 2009 dystopian novel by author Jasper Fforde. Although published before E.L. James's erotic novel 50 Shades of Grey, Fforde's work, which was originally simply titled Shades of Grey, never reached the mainstream popularity of James's very different novel and has since been renamed in part to distinguish it from the similarly titled erotic novel. Shades of Grey: The Road to High Saffron takes place in a dystopian world called Chromatacia, whose inhabitants are organized into a rigid caste system based on which colors they can see. In order from highest to lowest caste, the castes are purple, blue, green, yellow, orange, red, and grey. Although the particulars are not given, Chromatacia seems to exist several centuries after the collapse of modern society – which is referred to, simply, as “the Previous.” The novel's protagonist, Eddie Russett, a red with high ambitions, is forced to leave his hometown and venture among the outer fringe town of East Carmine. There, he learns a lot about himself and his government.

The world of Chromatacia is both like and unlike our own. It was supposedly founded by American painter Henry Albert Munsell, who in the late nineteenth century invented a color organization and notation system. The novel also references Shinobo Ishihara, the Japanese inventor of a color vision test that is used today to diagnose color blindness. In Chromatacia, Ishihara tests are taken by all twenty-year-olds to determine how accurate their color vision is within their given spectrum – the better it is, the higher their social position will be. Chromatacia is also notable for the bizarre incongruity of many of its laws – alongside expected taboos, such as those surrounding murder, there are a number of other arbitrary ones: manufacturing spoons, for instance, is against the law. Owning spoons from long ago, however, is common, and they are often passed down within families as heirlooms. To some extent, Fforde's attribution of such senseless laws to Chromatacian society is a satirical take on modern traditions – particularly, the arbitrary ways that those in political power often wield it.

Colors are also more powerful in Chromatacia than in the modern world – some are poisonous, some have health-promoting benefits, and some, notably “Lincoln green,” which has a narcotic effect, are abused as drugs (on the streets, the abuse of Lincoln green is called “chasing the frog”). Doctors in Chromatacia are called “Chromaticologists,” but colloquially referred to as “Swatchmen,” because they treat their patients with swatches of color. There also exist “univisual” or “synthetic colors” in Chromatacia, which wanly reproduce the effect of real colors for those whose vision doesn't otherwise allow them to see them. These allow, for example, Yellows to experience the impression of green – although only approximately. Univisual colors are made by a company called National Color and are very expensive.



Soon after the novel opens, Eddie Russett is sent to conduct a census of chairs in East Carmine, because, he suspects, of a prank he played on a superior's son. He also once suggested a “new way of queuing” and was punished with a fine for “insulting the simple purity of the queue” – through this bit of background information, Fforde subtly drives home the importance of rules in Chromatacia. Eddie has long had feelings for a certain wealthy Constance Oxblood; by marrying Constance, Eddie hopes to move up in society. However, Constance's feelings for Eddie are not certain, and she receives another suitor while Eddie is in East Carmine.

Despite his occasional mild lapses, Eddie is generally a good egg – conventional, comfortable, dependable, and not prone to rebellion. As a result, Eddie finds life in hardscrabble East Carmine difficult. He soon stumbles into Jane, a member of the lowly Grey caste with an upturned nose and a violent temper. Jane intrigues Eddie – although she does not, for a long time, actually like him – and slowly inspires him to question the world that he has always taken for granted. He begins to wonder who “the Previous” were and what happened to them. He even begins to question the regulations that govern which colors can intermarry. Eventually, Jane and Eddie dare to travel beyond the Outer Markers to the city of High Saffron, where they discover a terrible secret involving a poisonous color and a group of people who were supposed to be receiving rehabilitation

Shades of Grey: The Road to High Saffron, although technically a dystopian novel, is light and playfully satirical in tone. Fforde has said that two sequels are in the works, as well as a prequel. Several details in the book indicate that the novel is set in what today is known as Wales and that many of the towns in the book have been built over the post-apocalyptic remains of Welsh cities.